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Göllüdağ Lions

Göllüdağ is a large fortified mountain top (2172 m) settlement of Neo-Hittite period. It is near the village of Kömürcü in Gölcük, Niğde. Göllüdağ excavations were initially made by Remzi Oğuz Arık in 1934 and later by Burhan Tezcan in 1968-69. Further research was done by Wulf Schirmer between 1992 and 1998. The settlement dates to the end of the 8th century BCE. The ruins are located right next to the crater lake of the inactive volcano. A defensive wall surrounds the settlement where several building groups can be seen.

The largest building measures about 112 by 228 meters and occupies the highest location. Two large double portal lions, two portal lions, two sphinxes and two column bases with lion decorations have been found at and around the outer and inner gates of the entrance of this building at its south side. The double lions of the outer gate are made of white andesite. The better-preserved west wing lions are about 1.5 meter high and 2 meters long. In 1933 these west wing lions were sent to the Kayseri Museum, but 2018 they were transferred to the Niğde Museum. Only the lower section of the east wing lions has been recovered. The outer gate also had two column bases decorated with 4 seated lions on the corners. One of the highly weathered bases is in the Kayseri Museum and the other is still in Göllüdağ. Two single portal lions were also found in the gate area. While the head is carved in full, the body sections are in high relief on two sides of the stone block. Better preserved east wing lion is 0.88 meter high and 1 meter long and currently in the Niğde Museum. The west wing lion, which is missing the head section, is in the Kayseri Museum. A pair of half-finished sphinxes found by the flanks of the inner gate and two broken lion heads, one from near the inner gate of the building and one from around the southern city gate are also in the Niğde Museum.

Click on the pictures for larger images.

General view of the site
Satellite view of the entire Göllüdağ crater Satellite view of the ruins in the Göllüdağ crater View of the temple/palace complex View of the temple/palace complex and the large room with rock block lined walls in the foregroud Temple/palace complex view from the gate area Reverse view of the temple/palace complex with the gate area in the background Close up of the large room with rock block lined walls
Double portal lions
West wing lions, Kayseri Museum - T. Bilgin, 2006 West wing lions, Kayseri Museum - T. Bilgin, 2006 West wing lions, Kayseri Museum - T. Bilgin, 2006 East wing lions - B. Tezcan, 1969 East wing lions - B. Tezcan, 1969
Portal lions
East wing lion, Niğde Museum - B. Bilgin, 2017 East wing lion, Niğde Museum - T. Bilgin, 2017 East wing lion, Niğde Museum - B. Bilgin, 2017 West wing lion, Kayseri Museum - T. Bilgin, 2006
Sphinxes and others
Sphinxes and a lion head fragment, Niğde Museum - T. Bilgin, 2017 Sphinxes and a lion head fragment, Niğde Museum - T. Bilgin, 2017 Column base with lions, Kayseri Museum - E. Anıl, 2020 Column base with lions - T. Bilgin, 2019



Literature:
Arık, R. O. "Göllüdağ Hafriyatı," Türk Tarih Arkeologya ve Etnoğrafya Dergisi 3, 1936: 3–48.
Tezcan, B. "1968 Göllüdağ Kazısı," Türk Arkeoloji Dergisi 17, 1969: 211–35.
Tezcan, B. "1969 Göllüdağ Kazısı," Türk Arkeoloji Dergisi 30, 1992: 1–30.
Schirmer, W. "Der Göllüdağ im anatolischen Hochland und seine Bauanlagen aus dem 8. Jahrhundert v. Chr." Fridericiana Zeitschrift der Universitat Karlsruhe (TH), Heft 51, 1996: 9–26.

Image sources:
Google Maps, 2017.
Tayfun Bilgin, 2006, 2017, 2019.
Burhan Tezcan, 1969.
Bora Bilgin, 2017.
Ertuğrul Anıl, 2020.