Image sources:
Literature:
Gilibert, A. Syro-Hittite monumental art and the archaeology of performance: the stone reliefs at Carchemish and Zincirli in the earlier first millennium BCE, Berlin, 2011.
Orthmann, W. Untersuchungen zur späthethitischen Kunst, Bonn, 1971.
von Luschan, F., E. Schrader, and E. Sachau, Ausgrabungen in Sendschirli, vol. I. Berlin, 1893.
von Luschan, F. and R. Koldeway, Ausgrabungen in Sendschirli, vol. II. Berlin, 1898.
von Luschan, F. Ausgrabungen in Sendschirli, vol. III. Berlin, 1902.
von Luschan, F. and G. Jacoby, Ausgrabungen in Sendschirli, vol. IV. Berlin, 1911.
For detailed information on the site of Zincirli, see https://zincirli.uchicago.edu.
(List of Abbreviations)
Vorderasiatisches Museum.
Bora Bilgin, 2003, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2013.
Felix von Luschan, 1893, 1902, 1911.
William H. Ward, AJA 3, 1887.
Figen Anıl, 2018.
Tayfun Bilgin, 2007, 2010, 2020.
Kings of Sam'al | BCE | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Gabbar | (from ca. 920) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
BMH (or BNH) | son/brother(?) of Gabbar | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Hayya | son/descendant(?) of Gabbar | (from ca. 870/860)
Sa`il | son of Hayya |
| Kulamuwa | son of Hayya | (ca. 840—815)
| QRL (Qurila?/Qarli?) |
| Panamuwa I | son of QRL | (until ca. 745)
| An usurper after the murder of the heir Barsur
| Panamuwa II | son of Barsur | (ca. 743?—733/2)
| Barrakib | son of Panamuwa II | (ca. 733/2—712?)
| Assyrian occupation
| |